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Metal oxide coated titanium electrodes are distinguished by the gas released from the anode during electrochemical reactions.The ones used to release chlorine gas from the anode are called chlorine evolution anodes, such as ruthenium coated titanium electrodes; Oxygen evolution anodes, such as iridium coated titanium electrodes, are used to precipitate oxygen from the anode.Coated titanium electrodes were first invented by H.Beer in 1965. After the advent of coated titanium electrodes, they showed unparalleled performance and quickly gained widespread application in many electrolytic industries, bringing great benefits to the national economy and the people's livelihood.
Advantage
After years of factory production and research, it has been found that compared to traditional graphite electrodes and lead based alloy electrodes, titanium electrodes have the following advantages:
(1) .The anode size is stable, and the distance between electrodes does not change during the electrolysis process, which can ensure that the electrolysis operation is carried out under a stable cell voltage;
(2) .The working voltage is low, so the power consumption is small,and the DC power consumption can be reduced by 10% - 20%
(3) .Titanium anodes have a long working life.In the chlorine gas production industry using the membrane method, metal anodes are resistant to chlorine and alkali corrosion, with an anode life of over 6A, while graphite anodes are only 8 months old;
(4).It can overcome the dissolution problem of graphite anode and lead anode,avoid pollution of electrolyte and cathode products, and thus improve the purity of metal products.
(5).Can improve current density.
(6).In chlor-alkali production,the use of titanium anodes results in high product quality, high chlorine purity, no CO2, and high alkali concentration, which can save heating steam and energy consumption.
(7).Strong corrosion resistance.
(8).The short circuit problem caused by deformation of the lead anode can be avoided, thereby improving current efficiency.
(9).Titanium electrodes are lightweight and can reduce labor intensity.
(10).The shape is easy to make and can be high-precision.
(11).The substrate can be reused. 
Application of coated titanium electrodes: chlor-alkali industry, chlorate industry, hypochlorite industry, production of perchlorate, electrolytic method for manufacturing copper foil, persulfate electrolysis, electrolytic organic synthesis, electrolytic extraction of metal, production of electrolytic silver catalyst, electrolytic oxidation method for recovery of mercury, electrolytic water, production of chlorine dioxide, hospital sewage treatment, electroplating industry, disinfection of domestic water and food utensils, treatment of cooling circulating water in power plants, and electrolytic method for production of acid and alkali ion water, Steel plate chrome plating palladium plating gold plating ruthenium plating, electrodialysis method for desalination of seawater, specifically described on the website of Dongguan Shengruizi Company.The product application fields include chemical engineering, metallurgy, water treatment, environmental protection, electroplating, electrolytic organic synthesis, and other electrolytic industries
Development and manufacturing process of titanium electrodes:
The earliest period is more than 200 years from 1786 to now.The process of electrolysis is to convert electrical energy into chemical energy. The most representative caustic soda industry, the aqueous solution electrolysis industry, can well illustrate the development history of electrode materials.Salt water electrolysis was initially conducted in the laboratory using platinum electrodes,natural carbon electrodes, natural graphite electrodes, magnetic iron oxide electrodes, and lead dioxide electrodes.These are the earliest electrode materials tested.Salt water electrolysis requires that anode materials have good point catalytic performance for chlorine precipitation, good durability, and the ability to inhibit oxygen precipitation.The earliest electrode used in industrial production was graphite electrode.Graphite electrodes can fully meet the above requirements when the concentration of salt water is high.However, during long-term production, it has been found that graphite anodes have the following shortcomings: high resistanceTherefore, electric energy consumption is large; With the progress of the electrochemical reaction process, the amount of graphite electrode loss is large, and the electrode distance changes, causing instability in electrolytic production; The active surface of the chlorine evolution reaction is difficult to maintain.
After human history entered the 1960s, the petrochemical industry developed rapidly, with many large ethylene plants established throughout the country, and the production of organic chloride synthesis increased significantly.This requires a significant leap in chlor-alkali production.At this point, the graphite anode is required to have mechanical processing capability.If holes are to be drilled in the graphite anode, the processing performance of the graphite anode itself is not very good, and new materials are required to replace it. The development of metal anodes is particularly important.The development of metal anodes has a long history.The earliest metal anodes were mainly platinum anodes, but they were expensive and not widely used.From 1910 to 1940, the production of sponge titanium by magnesium thermal reduction and sodium thermal reduction was completed.And mass production.Titanium is used as the base material for the anode to expose the head corner.Titanium is also known as a valve type metal, and has a stable oxide layer protection that prevents the anode electrode from passing through.Therefore, it has good durability and stability under salt water electrolysis conditions.Metal titanium can be mechanically processed at will, and can be made into titanium plates, titanium rods, titanium wires, titanium mesh, titanium tubes, porous plates, etc.Widely used.In the 1960s, in addition to developing coated electrodes, they were widely used in many industries such as chemical engineering, environmental protection, water electrolysis, water treatment, electrometallurgy, electroplating, metal foil production, electromechanical synthesis, electrodialysis, cathodic protection, and so on.To produce titanium anodes is simply to brush or spray precious metal oxides on top of titanium.At this stage, or internal titanium anodes are mainly brush coated. Such electrodes have a very wide range of applications.Titanium anodes, also known as DSA anodes due to their lightweight and flexible manufacturing process, have the following advantages over similar anode titanium anodes:;The anode size is stable, and the distance between electrodes does not change during the electrolysis process, which can ensure that the electrolysis operation is carried out with a stable cell voltage.Low working voltage, low power consumption, DC power consumption can be reduced by 10-20%.Titanium anode has a long working life and strong corrosion resistance. It can overcome the dissolution problem of graphite anode and lead anode, and avoid pollution of electrolyte and cathode products.High current density, low overpotential, and high electrode catalytic activity can effectively improve production efficiency.The short circuit problem caused by deformation of the lead anode can be avoided and the current efficiency can be improved.The shape is easy to make and can be high-precision.The titanium matrix can be reused. 9.Low overvoltage characteristics, easy removal of air bubbles on the surface between electrodes and electrodes, can effectively reduce the voltage of the electrolytic cell.Gases released from the anode during electrochemical reactions can be divided into two types: chlorine evolution and oxygen evolution.
Titanium coated ruthenium anode belongs to chlorine evolution anode, which is generally used in hydrochloric acid, electrolytic seawater, and electrolytic salt water environments; Such as ruthenium iridium anode, ruthenium iridium tin anode, etc.Titanium coated iridium based anodes are oxygen evolution anodes that are commonly used in sulfuric acid environments, such as iridium tantalum anodes and iridium tantalum coated titanium anodes.There is also a platinum plated titanium anode, also known as platinum titanium electrode, platinum electrode, platinum plated anode, and so on.It is based on titanium and plated with a layer of platinum based precious metal.When preparing the above oxide coating, in addition to noble metal elements, other alloy elements are also added. Adding auxiliary elements to Ru and Ir based coatings to form binary, ternary, and quaternary metal oxides can significantly improve the performance of titanium anodes.The use of coatings with a two-layer or even multi-level structure can also help improve the performance of titanium anodes.The above coated titanium anodes have mature technology in China and have been widely used in the following fields:Non ferrous metal electrolysis production, chloride salt electrolysis, seawater electrolysis, metal foil manufacturing, surface electrochemical treatment of metal foil, electrolytic extraction and recovery of non ferrous metals, organic electrolysis, industrial electroplating, cathodic protection, electrodialysis, acid alkali ion water manufacturing, industrial wastewater treatment, and other fields.
