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The pollution of agricultural environment and its harm to people's health have become an important social problem at present.Exploring new pollution-free biological agents and developing new physical agricultural solutions have become an important topic for the development of circular and sustainable agriculture.In 1954,Japan successfully developed the first civilian electrolytic device,which is mainly used in agricultural production.About 20 years ago, Japan put forward the slogan of "marching towards drug free agriculture".One of the technologies it relies on is electrolytic water technology.
Seed soaking with hypochlorite
The acid electrolyzed water can be used for seed treatment before sowing in agricultural production.The seeds treated with acid water can not only kill the bacteria stored outside the seed coat,but also improve the permeability of the seed coat,which is conducive to the expansion and water absorption of the seeds; At the same time, the functional water with high redox potential also played a certain role in promoting the repair of seed cell membrane permeability.Therefore,the seeds of soybean, rice, peanut, cotton, fruits and vegetables in production can be sprayed or soaked with acid electrolyzed water before sowing.However, if the soaking treatment is adopted, it should not be too long,otherwise the germination rate of some plant seeds will be greatly reduced and the rotten seed rate will be increased after a long time of acid water treatment.In addition,whether to treat the seeds with alkaline water or with acid water varies according to different types.For example, soybean treated with acid water has better promotion effect,while peanut is suitable for treatment with alkaline water.For example, soaking seeds in strong acid water can increase the germination rate of wheat by 7.3% - 10.3%, but has no significant effect on the germination of radish,cabbage,cucumber and rice seeds. 
Strong alkaline water can promote the germination of peanut seeds,and strong acid water can significantly promote the germination of soybean seeds,which can increase the germination rate by 4.7% - 20.0%. Strong alkaline water can also inhibit the growth of mold in the process of seed germination,which is related to the micro acid preference of mold.
Application of acidic electrolyzed water to plant disease control
The bactericidal mechanism of acid electrolyzed water can be used to control crop diseases in a large area, such as seedling damping off,sudden drop, peach fine hole disease,bacterial stripe disease of rice and other bacterial diseases;There are also fungal diseases such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, rust, black spot of grapes,melons and fruits; Even some vegetable virus diseases can be effectively prevented.
Electrolytic water promotes plant growth and increases yield
In agricultural production,most of the salts used to prepare electrolytic water are potassium chloride.Because potassium chloride contains both chlorine, hypochlorite and a large amount of potassium needed by plants,the alkali water generated is mainly potassium hydroxide.Regular spraying of alkali water can significantly improve the sugar content and color of melons and fruits, which is related to the biological effect of potassium.
The application test on tomato showed that spraying acid water and alkali water alternately on tomato plants could not only produce satisfactory pollution-free green fruits and melons,but also improve the fruit setting rate of tomato, and the soluble solids could even be increased to more than 12 degrees.The physiological effect of spraying alkaline water is mainly caused by potassium.For example,the absorption of potassium can break the dormancy of buds and promote germination,accelerate the metabolism and absorption of nutrients,and enable more photosynthates to be synthesized and transported to fruits.
In addition,studies have shown that it may also be related to the alkaline regulation of alkaline water.Most of the hormone substances that inhibit germination are abscisic acid,which makes the buds dormant or inhibited by its large presence.After spraying alkaline water,abscisic acid can be neutralized to alleviate its physiological role,thus playing a role in promoting germination.It may also be related to the fact that auxin is not easy to inactivate under alkaline environment,thus exerting its physiological effect and promoting germination and growth.The use of electrolyzed water to irrigate plants also shows obvious growth promoting effect,which is due to the inhibition of soil borne diseases on the one hand,and the activation of many mineral elements in the soil by electric functional water on the other hand,thus promoting the growth,development and metabolism of plants;The treated water has smaller molecular groups,which is more conducive to water metabolism and growth promotion.Its growth promotion effect is multifaceted.
Electrolytic water overcomes the obstacle of continuous operation
There is a problem of continuous cropping obstacle in the production of melons,fruits and vegetables under current facilities.The reasons are as follows:First, the accumulation and breeding of soil diseases worsen the soil microbial environment, leading to the serious occurrence of some soil borne diseases such as damping off disease and sudden collapse disease; Second, the lack of outside rain water in the greenhouse caused the salinization of the soil;Third, the selective absorption of plants leads to the lack of some mineral trace elements.Of course, there are also many complex and comprehensive factors that will cause continuous cropping obstacles, such as the increase of the number of specific disease sources,which will lead to disease in successive crops;There are also problems caused by unscientific management of fertilizer and water,such as reduced soil fertility,ineffective mineral elements,and hardening of soil structure, resulting in continuous cropping obstacles.The method of watering acid water can kill harmful bacteria in the soil, because most harmful bacteria are anaerobic bacteria,and the death threshold of anaerobic bacteria is slightly lower than that of aerobic bacteria,so that all microorganisms in the soil will not be killed, otherwise killing all microorganisms will also affect the soil microbial ecological environment.
After watering the soil with acid water,the damping off disease and damping off disease of seedlings can be effectively controlled,and the overwintering or summering pathogens in the soil can be killed in a clear garden.In addition,the continuous cropping obstacle caused by the deterioration of acid and alkali environment caused by protected cultivation can also be improved by watering acid and alkali water.
Soil improvement by electrolyzed water
Electric functional water has become the best regulator in soil improvement because of its strong acid and alkali characteristics.The traditional soil acid-base regulation mostly adopts the methods of applying sulfur to alkaline soil and quicklime to acid soil.Although these chemical methods can also play a role in regulation,the residual effects of sulfur and calcium will affect the reasonable structure of mineral elements in the soil,and also affect the absorption and fixation of some elements.At the same time,the cost of investment in improvement and environmental pollution will be greater.It is the most simple and chemical pollution free method to select electrolytic water as the soil improvement regulator.Now,it has been widely used in developed Japan.If the soil is too alkaline,simply pour acid water directly.If the soil is too acidic,apply alkaline water until the pH value is suitable for crop growth and development.
The method of using electrolyzed water to regulate soil acidity and alkalinity is the same as that of using it to prevent and control diseases,which will not have any residue and harm.It is a practical technology with low cost, and can be popularized and applied in the improvement of the acidic red soil in the south of China and the saline alkali land in the north or at the seaside.In addition, the application of electric functional water with high redox potential can also activate the mineral elements in the soil that could not be used and fixed,so as to improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and promote the growth of plants.
Key points of agricultural use of acid electrolyzed water
Acid electrolyzed water is a kind of strong oxidant.Some sensitive tender branches and leaves of plants or fruits and vegetables are often injured and burned after spraying acid electrolyzed water.This is because the strong oxidizing acid water will be oxidized and reduced to ordinary water in a short time after spraying,and the oxidation and reduction process is related to the external humidity,light, temperature and other factors.If the external humidity is high,it is not conducive to oxidation and reduction,nor is it conducive to the transpiration and evaporation of acid water.If it stays on the branches and leaves for a long time,it will lead to plant damage.Therefore, the spraying of acid electrolyzed water is usually required to be carried out in the afternoon or 8:00-10:00 in the morning in sunny weather,and should not be carried out in the dark,rainy or high humidity overcast days,otherwise it is very easy to cause drug damage.
In order to use acid electrolyzed water safely,Japan now usually adopts the alternate spraying method in production,that is, spray the prepared alkaline water within 0.5-1.0h after spraying the acid water, and shorten the time that the acid water remains in the branches and leaves through neutralization,so as to avoid the occurrence of drug damage.For some sensitive varieties or newly transplanted seedlings that are particularly prone to drug damage,water dilution can also be used to reduce the chloride concentration and redox potential in acid water. Generally, 2-4 times of dilution can be used to dilute water; However, the concentration should not be too low, or it will affect the effect of sterilization and disease prevention.Generally,the effective chlorine ion concentration of 10-80mg/L is preferred, and too high or too low will affect the effect of disease prevention or cause drug harm.
An electrolytic water equipment manufacturer in Japan selected a 1000 m2 planting area for experimental research in 2007.The experiment was divided into several stages,such as soil disinfection and improvement,sowing, harvesting, leaf spraying, and achieved good results.In the whole test stage,the use of pesticides was reduced by 95%,the output was increased by 20%,and the cost of the whole production cycle was also reduced.
In agricultural production,water is the most important and easily accessible natural resource.Doing a good job in water is the most important link in increasing agricultural production and efficiency.It is the lifeblood of agricultural production.The development of electric functional water has given a new meaning to the value of water,and has also opened up a new high-tech practical road for pollution-free agricultural production.Electrolytic water technology will certainly become an important equipment technology for people to stand out on the way of exploring new agriculture in the 21st century, and it will be an important technical measure and powerful guarantee for the future environment-friendly green agriculture.
